In shortR717 (ammonia) is one of the oldest and most efficient industrial refrigerants. Its GWP is zero, but it is toxic and mildly flammable (B2L), so it is used in large industrial plants with dedicated machine rooms and safety systems.
R717 properties
| Code | R717 |
|---|---|
| Chemical name / composition | Ammonia (NH₃) |
| Family | Natural refrigerant |
| GWP (AR4, 100 years) | 0 |
| ODP | 0 |
| Safety class (ISO 817 / ASHRAE 34) | B2L: higher toxicity, mildly flammable |
| Boiling point (1 atm) | −33.3 °C |
| Temperature glide | None (pure fluid) |
| Charge equal to 5 t CO₂e | — |
| Status | In common use |
Where is R717 used?
- Cold stores and logistics centres
- Food, dairy and meat processing
- Ice rinks
- Large industrial chillers
Service and safety notes
- Toxic and mildly flammable (B2L). A dedicated plant room, gas detection, emergency ventilation, an emergency plan and PPE are mandatory.
- Never charge a system with a refrigerant other than the one on its nameplate; retrofits need manufacturer approval and oil and component checks.
- Charging, recovery and leak checks must be done and recorded by F-gas certified technicians.
R717 and regulations
As a natural refrigerant it is outside F-gas quotas and restrictions. Safety rules for flammability, toxicity and pressure (EN 378 and related standards) still apply to system design, room size and charge.
Alternatives to R717
Compare all refrigerants in our refrigerant guide.
Other refrigerants
R12R502R22R123R134aR404AR407CR407FR410AR417AR422DR507AR32R448AR449AR452AR454BR454CR513AR1234yfR1234zeR1233zdR514AR290R600aR1270R744
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Frequently asked questions
What is the GWP of R717?
The 100-year global warming potential (AR4) of R717 is about 0.
Is R717 flammable?
B2L: higher toxicity, mildly flammable.
What can replace R717?
Depending on the application: R744, R290. Conversions require manufacturer approval and oil and component checks.